HYDROGEN AS AN ALTERNATIVE FUEL for internal combustion engines

Escalating apprehension about the harmful effects of widespread use of conventional fossil fuels in vehicles, has led to vast amounts of effort and capital being directed towards researching and developing sustainable alternative energy sources. One of the most promising and abundant of these sources is hydrogen. Hydrogen is one of the energy carriers which can replace fossil fuel and can be used as fuel in an internal combustion engines and as a fuel cell in vehicles.

To use hydrogen as a fuel of internal combustion engine, engine design should be considered for avoiding abnormal combustion. As a result it can improve engine efficiency, power output and reduce NOx emissions. The scope of liquid hydrogen as a replacement for conventional fuels, in comparison to other alternatives as well as gasoline. Recommendations are made on improving methods of hydrogen generation and storage, and a major drawback is observed in the fact that hydrogen requires high amounts of energy for its extraction, but the fuel itself has a low energy density

The Essence of this report is a detailed PDF with associated data and charts from relevant engine tests.  See attached

CONCLUSIONS
Hydrogen in internal combustion engines has many advantages in terms of
combustive properties but it needs detailed consideration of engine design to avoid abnormal combustion, which is the major problem in hydrogen engine. This, as a result can improve engine efficiency, power output and reduce NOx emissions.
From the measured parameters, various engine characteristics were calculated, and compared for operation using gasoline and hydrogen as fuels, brake power and torque of the car’s engine when running on hydrogen was generally about 50–60% of that of gasoline as well as brake specific fuel consumption was in line with expectations from the respective lower calorific values of the two fuels.

In addition, thermal efficiency was similar for the two fuels, hydrogen being more efficient at lower power output, and gasoline being more efficient at higher power output. Besides that, the emission of NOx was significantly lower for hydrogen operation than for gasoline operation and its lowest values were achieved with lambda value around 1.87. Similarly, the emission of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon from the hydrogen engine was extremely low compared the gasoline engine

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