Improvement of performance and reduction of pollutant emission of a four stroke spark ignition engine fueled with hydrogen- gasoline  :  November 28 2025

 

Abstract

The effect of the amount of hydrogen/ethyl alcohol addition on the performance and pollutant emissions of a four stroke spark ignition engine has been studied. A detailed model to simulate a four stroke cycle of a spark ignition engine fueled with hydrogen±ethyl alcohol±gasoline has been used to study the effect of hydrogen and ethyl alcohol blending on the thermodynamic cycle of the engine. The results of the study show that all engine performance parameters have been improved when operating the gasoline S.I.E. with dual addition of hydrogen and ethyl alcohol. It has been found that 4% of hydrogen and 30% of ethyl alcohol blending causes a 49% reduction in CO emission, a 39% reduction in NOx emission, a 49% reduction in specific fuel consumption and increases in the thermal efficiency and output power by 5 and 4%, respectively. When ethyl alcohol is increased over 30%, it causes unstable engine operation which can be related to the fact that the fuel is not vaporized, and this causes a reduction in both the brake power and efficiency.

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5. Conclusion

The following conclusions are drawn from the present work.

1. Hydrogen can be used as a supplementary fuel in modern spark ignition engines without major changes, and it can help save a considerable part of the available oil and save our environment from toxic pollutants.
2. The blending of alcohol reduces the NOx emission and peak temperature.
3. The thermal efficiency of the engine is increased until a hydrogen±fuel mass ratio of 8% and alcohol±fuel volume ratio of 30%.
4. The engine power is increased until a hydrogen±fuel mass ratio of 2% and alcohol±fuel ratio of 30%.
5. The blending of alcohol or hydrogen increases the heat release rate.
6. The blending of hydrogen reduces the specific fuel consumption, while alcohol blending increases the specific fuel consumption.
7. The exhaust temperature is reduced, and so is the crevices ¯ow energy due to the blending of hydrogen or alcohol fuel.
8. The hydrogen added improves the combustion process, especially in the later combustion period, reduces the ignition delay, speeds up the ¯ame front propagation, reduces the combustion duration and retards the spark timing.

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Thursday, November 27, 2025